Bibliography: Recruitment, Training, and Retention

Adona, Natalie, Paul Gronke, Paul Manson, and Sarah Cole. 2019. Stewards of Democracy: The Views of American Local Election Officials. Washington, DC: Democracy Fund.

Altindag, Duha T., Elif Filiz, and Erdal Tekin. 2020. “Does It Matter How and How Much Politicians are Paid?” Economica 87 (348), pp. 1105-1132.

Alvarez, R. Michael, and Erik K. Antonsson. 2007. “Bridging Science, Technology, and Politics in Election Systems.” The Bridge 7 (2): 6-11.

Alvarez, R. Michael, and Thad E. Hall. 2006. “Controlling Democracy: The Principle-Agent Problem in Election Administration.” Policy Studies Journal 34: 491-510.

Anderson, Lorin W., and David R. Krathwohl, eds. 2001. A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching, and Assessing: A Revision of Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives. New York: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.

Aneja, Abhay, and Guo Xu. 2022. “The Costs of Employment Segregation: Evidence from the Federal Government under Woodrow Wilson.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics 137 (2):911–58.

Anthony, Joseph., Amy Fried, Robert Glover, and David C. Kimball. 2021. “Ranked Choice Voting in Maine from the Perspective of Local Election Officials.” Election Law Journal: Rules, Politics, and Policy 20 (3): 254-271.

Atkeson, Lonna R., and Kyle L. Saunders. 2007. “The Effect of Election Administration on Voter Confidence: A Local Matter?” PS: Political Science and Politics 40 (4): 655–660. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20452045 

Atkeson, Lonna R., Yann P. Kerevel, R. Michael Alvarez, and Thad E. Hall. 2014. “Who Asks for Voter Identification? Explaining Poll-Worker Discretion.” The Journal of Politics 76 (4):944–957.

Bear, Anne A. Ghost. 2012. “Technology, Learning, and Individual Differences.” Journal of Adult Education 41 (2).

Benenson Strategy Group. 2023. “Local Election Officials Survey 2023.” Brennan Center for Justice. https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/research-reports/local-election-officialssurvey-april-2023 

Berman, Evan M. 2006. Performance and Productivity in Public and Nonprofit Organizations, 2nd ed. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.

Besley, Timothy. 2004. “Paying politicians: theory and evidence.” Journal of the European Economic Association 2(2–3), pp. 193–215.

Bouchard, Paul. 2001. Experiential Teaching and Learning. In The Craft of Teaching Adults, Thelma Barer-Stein & Michael Kompf Eds. Toronto, Ontario: Irwin Publishing.

Brewer, Gene A., Sally Coleman Selden, and Rex L. Facer II. 1998. Individual Conceptions of Public Service Motivation. Public Administration Review 60: 254-264.

Brown, Mitchell, and Kathleen Hale. 2019. “Professionalism and Professional Associations.” In The Future of Election Administration, edited by Mitchell Brown, Kathleen Hale, and Bridgett King. Elections, Voting and Technology series, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Burden, Barry C., and Jeffrey Milyo. 2015. “The Quantities and Qualities of Poll Workers.” Election Law Journal: Rules, Politics, and Policy, 38-46. http://doi.org/10.1089/elj.2014.0277.

Burden, Barry C., David T. Canon, Stephane Lavertu, Kenneth R. Mayer, and Donald P. Moynihan. 2013. "Selection Method, Partisanship, and the Administration of Elections." American Politics Research 41, no. 6: 903-936.

Christensen, Robert K., Laurie Paarlberg, and James L. Perry. 2017. “Public Service Motivation Research: Lessons for Practice.” Public Administration Review 77: 529-542

Chuang, Tsung-Yen, Martin K.-C. Yeh, and Yu-Lun Lin. 2021. “The Impact of Game Playing on Students’ Reasoning Ability, Varying According to Their Cognitive Style.” Educational Technology & Society 24 (3): 29-43.

Claassen, Ryan L., David B. Magleby, J. Quin. Monson, and Kelly D. Patterson. 2008. "‘At Your Service:’ Voter Evaluations of Poll Worker Performance.” American Politics Research 36 (4):612–634. https://doi.org/10.1177/1532673X08319006 

Clark, Alistair., and Toby S. James. 2023. “Electoral Administration and the Problem of Poll Worker Recruitment: Who Volunteers, and Why?” Public Policy and Administration 38 (2), 188-208. https://doi.org/10.1177/09520767211021203 

Clerkin, Richard M., and Jerrell D. Coggburn. 2012. “The Dimensions of Public Service Motivation and Sector Work Preferences.” Review of Public Personnel Administration 32:209–35.

Costain, Anne, and Andrew S. McFarland. 1998. Social Movements and American Political Institutions. New York: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.

Crews, John E., and Vincent A. Campbell. 2004. “Vision Impairment and Hearing Loss Among Community-Dwelling Older Americans: Implications for Health and Functioning.” American Journal of Public Health 94 (5): 823-829.

Dagilyte, Egle, and Peter Coe. 2019. “Take-home Exams: Developing Professionalism via Assessment.” In Critical Perspectives on the Scholarship of Assessment and Learning in Law, Volume 1, edited by Alison Bone and Paul Maharg. ANU Press.

Edlin, Ruby, and Lawrence Norden. 2023. “Poll of Election Officials Shows High Turnover amid Safety Threats and Political Interference.” Brennan Center for Justice. https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/analysis-opinion/poll-election-officials-shows-highturnover-amid-safety-threats-and 

El-Bishouty, Moushir, Ahmed Aldraiweesh, Uthman Alturki, Richard Tortorella, Junfeng Yand, Ting-Wen Chang, Sabine Graf, and Kinshuk. 2019. “Use of Felder and Silverman Learning Style Model for Online Course Design.” Educational Technology Research and Development 67 (1):161-177.

Ernst, Anna. 2019. “Review of Factors Influencing Social Learning within Participatory Environmental Governance.” Ecology and Society 24 (1).

Ewald, Alec. 2009. The Way We Vote: The Local Dimension of American Suffrage. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University Press.

Favreau, Jenifer M., and Emily Kay Hanks. 2016. “Improving Election Poll Worker Training: Reflections on Implementing New Ideas for Measurable Success.” Administrative Theory & Praxis 38 (1): 68-81, DOI: 10.1080/10841806.2015.1128219

Ferrer, Joshua, Igor Geyn, and Daniel M. Thompson. 2023. “How Partisan Is Local Election Administration?” American Political Science Review FirstView July 19, 2023, pp. 1-16

Fischer, Eric A., and Kevin J Coleman. 2011. “How Local Election Officials View Election Reform: The Results From Three National Surveys.” Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service.

Frederickson, George. H., and David Hart. 1985. “The Public Service and Patriotism of Benevolence.” Public Administration Review 45: 547-553

Friedson, Eliot. 2001. Professionalism, the Third Logic: On the Practice of Knowledge. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Gagliarducci, Stefano, and Nannicini, Tommaso. 2013. “Do better paid politicians perform better? Disentangling incentives from selection.” Journal of the European Economic Association 11: 369–98.

Gagliarducci, Stefano, Nannicini, Tommaso, and Naticchioni, Paolo. 2010. “Moonlighting politicians.” Journal of Public Economics, vol. 94(9–10), pp. 688–99.

Gardner, Howard. 1983. Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences. New York: Basic Books.

Glaser, Bonnie, and Karin Mac Donald. 2007. “The Attraction of Working from 6 am to 9:30 pm for a Fraction of Minimum Wage: Poll Workers and Their Motivation to Serve.” Midwest Political Science Association Conference.

Glaser, Bonnie, Karin Mac Donald, Iris Hui, and Bruce E. Cain. 2007. “Explaining Voting System Performance: Do Technology, Training, and Poll Worker Characteristics Matter?” https://www.researchgate.net/publication/238496356_Explaining_Voting_System_Performance_Do_Technology_Training_and_Poll_Worker_Characteristics_Matter 

Goldin, Claudia, and Lawrence F Katz. 2009. The Race between Education and Technology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Gordon, Grace, David Levine, Christopher Thomas, and Rachael Dean Wilson. 2022. “Deterring Threats to Election Workers.” Bipartisan Policy Center. https://bipartisanpolicy.org/report/deterring-threats-to-election-workers/ 

Gordon, Grace, and Rachel Orey. 2022. “Fortifying Election Security through Poll Worker Policy.” Bipartisan Policy Center. https://bipartisanpolicy.org/download/?file=/wpcontent/uploads/2022/10/BPC_Poll-Worker-Policy_RV4.pdf 

Government Accountability Office. 2009. “Elderly Voters: Information on Promising Practices Could Strengthen the Integrity of the Voting Process in Long-term Care Facilities.” Washington, D.C.

Gronke, Paul, Paul Manson, Natalie Adona, and Jay Lee. 2023. A Demographic and Professional Profile of the Frontline Workers of American Elections. In Frontline of Elections. Palgrave Macmillan, forthcoming 2023

Gronke, Paul, Paul Manson, and Evan Crawford. 2018. “Democracy Fund/Reed College 2018 Survey of Local Election Officials.” Elections & Voting Information Center at Reed College.

Gronke, Paul, Paul Manson, and Jay Lee. 2019. “Democracy Fund/Reed College 2019 Survey of Local Election Officials.” Elections & Voting Information Center at Reed College.

———. 2020. “Democracy Fund/Reed College 2020 Survey of Local Election Officials.” Elections & Voting Information Center at Reed College

Gudivada, Venkat N. 2017. “Cognitive Analytics Driven Personalized Learning.” Educational Technology 57 (1): 23-31.

Gulbahar, Yasemin, and Ayfer Alper. 2004. "Learning Preferences and Learning Styles of Online Adult Learners." International Education Journal 4: 270-278.

Hale, Kathleen. 2011. How Information Matters: Networks and Public Policy Innovation. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.

Hale, Kathleen, and Mitchell Brown. 2013. “Adopting, Adapting, and Opting Out: State Response to Federal Voting System Guidelines.” Publius 43:428-451.

Hale, Kathleen, and Mitchell Brown. 2016. “Inter-local Diffusion and Difference: How Networks Are Transforming Public Service.” In Transforming Government Organizations: Fresh Ideas and Examples from the Field, edited by Floyd Dewey, William Sauser, and Sheri Bias. Information Age Publishing.

Hale, Kathleen, and Mitchell Brown. 2020. How We Vote: Innovation in American Elections. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press.

Hale, Kathleen, and Mitchell Brown. Forthcoming 2024. Administering Elections: How American Elections Work, 2nd ed. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.

Hale, Kathleen, Robert Montjoy, and Mitchell Brown. 2015. Administering Elections: How American Elections Work. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.

Hall, Thad E., J. Quin Monson, and Kyle D. Patterson. 2009. “The Human Dimension of Elections: How Poll Workers Shape Public Confidence in Elections.” Political Research Quarterly 62 (3): 507–522. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912908324870 

Harris, Joseph P. 1928. “Permanent Registration of Voters.” The American Political Science Review 22: 349-353.

———. 1929. “The Progress of Permanent Registration of Voters.” The American Political Science Review 23: 908-914.

———. 1934. Election Administration in the United States. Washington, DC: Brookings Institute Press.

Havemann, Leo, Simon Katan, Edward Anstead, Marco Gillies, Joanna Stroud, and Sarah Sherman. 2023. “Digitally Supported Assessment.” In Online and Distance Education for a Connected World, edited by Linda Amrane-Cooper, David Baume, Stephen Brown, Stylianos

Hatzipanagos, Philip Powell, Sarah Sherman, and Alan Tait. UCL Press.

Hong, Jon-Chao, Xiaohong Lui, Wei Cao, Kai-Hsin tai, and Li Zhao. 2022. “Effects of Self- Efficacy and Online Learning Mind States on Learning Ineffectiveness during the COVID-19 Lockdown.” Educational Technology & Society 25 (1): 142-154.

Hostetter, Joshua. 2020. “Portable Poll Workers: Eliminating the Precinct Requirements in U.S. Elections.” Election Law Journal: Rules, Politics, and Policy 19 (3): 392–401.

Huang, Tien-Chi, Mu-Yen Chen, and Wen-Pao Hsu. 2019. “Do Learning Styles Matter? Motivating Learners in an Augmented Geopark.” Journal of Educational Technology & Society 22 (1): 70-81.

Jarvis, Peter. 2014. “From Adult Education to Lifelong Learning and Beyond.” Comparative Education 50 (1): 45-57.

Jones, Colin J. and Robert M. Stein. 2021. “Recruiting Persons to Work the Polls.” Election Law Journal: Rules, Politics, and Policy, 315-326. http://doi.org/10.1089/elj.2020.0701 

Katz, Lawrence F. Efficiency Wage Theories: A Partial Evaluation. NBER Macroeconomics Annual. 1986;1 :235-290.

Kelly, Martin G. 2013. “Using Learning Preferences to Direct Teaching and Balance Academic Performance.” Journal of College Science Teaching 42 (5): 20-28.

Keyssar, Alexander. 2009. The Right to Vote: The Contested History of Democracy in the United States. New York: Basic Books.

Kimball, David C., and Martha Kropf. 2006. “The Street-Level Bureaucrats of Elections: Selection Methods for Local Election Officials.” Review of Policy Research 23: 1257-1268.

Kimball, David C., Brady Baybeck, Cassie Gross, and Laura Wiedlocher. 2010. "Survey of Poll Worker Recruitment, Training, and Evaluation Practices by Local Election Officials." http://www.umsl.edu/∼kimballd/report_june112010.pdf 

Kimball, David C., Martha Kropf, Donald Moynihan, and Carol L. Silva. 2013. “The Policy Views of Partisan Election Officials.” UC Irvine L. Rev. 3: 551.

Kimball, David C., Martha Kropf, and Lindsay Battles. 2006. “Helping America vote? Election Administration, Partisanship, and Provisional Voting in the 2004 Election.” Election Law Journal 5: 447-461.

King, Bridgett A. 2017. “Policy and Precinct: Citizen Evaluations and Electoral Confidence.” Social Science Quarterly 98: 672-689. https://doi.org/10.1111/ssqu.12303 

King, Bridgett A., and Alicia Barnes. 2019. “Descriptive Representation in Election Administration: Poll Workers and Voter Confidence.” Election Law Journal: Rules, Politics, and Policy 18 (1): 16-30. http://doi.org/10.1089/elj.2018.0485.

Klinger, Donald E., and John Nalbandian 2003. Public Personnel Management: Context and Strategies, 5th ed. Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Knoll, Abby R., Hajime Otani, Reed Skeel, and K. Roger Van Horn. 2017. “Learning Style, Judgements of Learning, and Learning of Verbal and Visual Information.” British Journal of Psychology 108: 544-563

Knowles, Malcolm S., Elwood F. Holton, and Richard A. Swanson. 2011. The Adult Learner: The Definitive Classic in Adult Education and Human Resource Development, 7th ed. Amsterdam; Boston: Elsevier, Butterworth-Heinemann.

Kotakorpi, Kaisa, and Poutvaara, Panu. 2011. “Pay for politicians and candidate selection: an empirical analysis.” Journal of Public Economics 95: 877–85.

Kropf, Martha, Tim Vercellotti, and David C. Kimball. 2013. ‘‘Representative Bureaucracy and Partisanship: The Implementation of Election Law.’’ Public Administration Review 73 (2) (March/April): 242–252.

Larson, Kevin, and James Sheedy. 2008. “No Better Than a Poke in the Eye.” Eye Vol 67: 95.

Lauwers, Gracienne. 2019. “Reshaping Teacher Training to Get the Right Education System for a Knowledge Society.” In Rethinking Teacher Education for the 21st Century, edited by Marta Kowalczuk-Waledziak, Alicja Korzeniecka-Bondar, Wioleta Danilewicz, and Gracienne

Lauwers. Verlag Barbara Budrich.

Lear, J.L., D. Bridges, B. Van Horn, and K.A. Hodge. 2019. “Teaching Strategies That Promote Learning for the 21st Century Student.” NACTA Journal 63 (2): 127-132.

Lee, Hyung-Woo, Peter J. Robertson, Lavonna Blair Lewis, David C. Sloan, Lark Galloway-Gilliam, and Jonathan Nomachi. 2011. “Trust in a Cross-Sectoral Interorganizational Network: An Empirical Investigation of Antecedents.” Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 41: 609-631.

Lehman, Mary E. 2019. “Using VARK Learning Styles to Predict Instructional Preferences.” NACTA Journal 63 (2): 109-114.

Li, Fengying, Yifeng He, and Qingshui Xue. 2021. “Progress, Challenges and Countermeasures of Adaptive Learning.” Educational Technology & Society 24 (3): 238-255.

Li, Shijin, and Xiaoqing Gu. 2023. “A Risk Framework for Human-centered Artificial Intelligence in Education.” Educational Technology & Society 26 (1): 187-202.

Lidwell, William, Kritina Holden, and Jill Butler. 2003. Universal Principles of Design: 100 Ways to Enhance Usability, Influence Perception, Increase Appeal, Make Better Design Decisions, and Teach through Design. Rockport.

Lipsky, Michael. 1980. Street-Level Bureaucracy. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation

Manion, Anita, David C. Kimball, Joseph Anthony, and Paul Gronke. 2023. “Comparing Elite and Public Opinion on Election Administration and Reform.” Forthcoming in Frontline of Elections. Palgrave Macmillan.

Manson, Paul, Natalie Adona, and Paul Gronke. 2020. “Staffing the Stewards of Democracy: The Demographic and Professional Profile of America’s Local Election Officials.” In Annual Meeting of the Southern Political Science Association. San Juan, PR.

Marienau, Catherine. 1999. “Self-Assessment at Work: Outcomes of Adult Learners’ Reflections on Practice.” Adult Education Quarterly 49 (3): 135-146.

Martin, Bella, and BruceHanington. 2012. Universal Methods of Design. 100 Ways to Research Complex Problems, Develop Innovative Ideas, and Design Effective Solutions. Rockport.

Masalimova, Alfiya R., Muhammet Usak, and Almira R. Shaidullina. 2016. “Advantages and Disadvantages of National and International Corporate Training Techniques in Adult Education.” Current Science 111 (9):1480-1485.

McAuliffe, Elizabeth W. 2009. "The Unexamined Element of Election Administration: Why Citizens Choose to Serve at Poll Workers on Election Day." Ph.D. dissertation. Florida State University.

McBrayer, Markie, R. Lucas Williams, and Andrea Eckelman. 2020. ‘‘Local Officials as Partisan Operatives: The Effect of County Officials on Early Voting Administration.’’ Social Science Quarterly 101: 1475–1488.

McClusky, Howard Y. 1963. “Course of the Adult Life Span.” In Psychology of Adults, edited by W. C. Hallenbeck. Chicago: Adult Education Association of U.S.A.

Merivaki, Thessalia. 2020. The Administration of Voter Registration: Expanding the Electorate across and within the States, 1st ed. Palgrave Pivot.

Merriam, Sharan B. 2017. “Adult Learning Theory: Evolution and Future Directions.” PAACE Journal of Lifelong Learning 26: 21-37.

Messner, Matthias, and Polborn, Mattias. 2004. “Paying politicians.” Journal of Public Economics 88: 2423–45.

Mocan, Nace, and Duha T. Altindag. 2013. “Salaries and Work Effort: An Analysis of the European Union Parliamentarians.” Economic Journal 123(573), pp. 1130-1167.

Montjoy, Robert S. 2008. “The Public Administration of Elections.” Public Administration Review 68 (5): 788–99. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2008.00919.x.

Moreira, Diana, and Santiago Pérez. 2021. “Civil Service Exams and Organizational Performance: Evidence from the Pendleton Act.” https://doi.org/10.3386/w28665.

Mossberger, Karen. 2000. The Politics of Ideas and the Spread of Enterprise Zones. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press.

Moynihan, Donald P., and Sanjay K. Pandey. 2007. “The Role of Organizations in Fostering Public Service Motivation.” Public Administration Review 67: 40-53

National Conference of State Legislatures. “Election Administration at State and Local Levels.” https://www.ncsl.org/elections-and-campaigns/election-administration-at-state-and-local-levels Retrieved September 1, 2023.

Newton, Phillip M. 2015. “Learning Styles Myth is Thriving in Higher Education.” Frontiers in Psychology 6. DOI=10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01908.

Norman, Don. 2013. The Design of Everyday Things. Basic Books. Page, Antony, and Michael J. Pitts. 2009. “Poll Workers, Election Administration, and the

Problem of Implicit Bias.” Michigan Journal of Race and Law 15. https://repository.law.umich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1076&context=mjrl. 

Papanek, Victor. 1971. Design for the Real World. Chicago Review Press.

Porter, Ethan, and Jon C. Rogowski. 2018. “Partisanship, Bureaucratic Responsiveness, and Election Administration: Evidence from a Field Experiment.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 28(4): 602–17.

Quesenbery, Whitney, and Sarah Horton. 2014. A Web for Everyone: Designing Accessible User Experiences. Rosenfeld Media.

Radin, Beryl. 2006. Challenging the Performance Movement: Accountability, Complexity, and Democratic Values. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press.

Rainey, Hal G, and Paula Steinbauer. 1999. “Galloping elephants: Developing a theory of effective government organizations.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 9:1-32.

Ramachandran, Gowri. 2022. “How Congress Can Help Protect Election Workers.” Brennan Center for Justice. https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/research-reports/how-congress-canhelp-protect-election-workers 

Ratnasari, Wiwit, Tzu-Chuan Chou, and Chen-Hao Huang. 2023. “Exploring the Research Trajectory of Digital Game-based Learning.” Educational Technology & Society 26 (1): 45-61.

Schur, Lisa, Mason Ameri, and Meera Adya. 2017. “Disability, Voter Turnout, And Polling Place Accessibility.” Social Science Quarterly 98: 1374-1390.

Schur, Lisa, Meera Adya, and Mason Ameri. 2015. “Accessible Democracy: Reducing Voting Obstacles for People with Disabilities.” Election Law Journal 14: 60-65.

Schur, Lisa, Todd Shields, Douglas Kruse, And Kay Schriner. 2002. Enabling Democracy: Disability and Voter Turnout. Political Research Quarterly, Vol. 55: 167-190

Shepherd, Michael E., Adriane Fresh, Nick Eubank, and Joshua D. Clinton. 2021. “The Politics of Locating Polling Places: Race and Partisanship in North Carolina Election Administration, 2008–2016.” Election Law Journal: Rules, Politics, and Policy 20(2):155–77.

Sims, Ronald R., and Serbrenia J. Sims. 1995. The Importance of Learning Styles: Understanding. Praeger.

Smith, Scott P. 2017. “Adult Learners.” Professional Safety 62 (12): 22-25.

Stewart, Charles III. 2018. “The Elections Performance Index: Past, Present, the Future.” http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3249830 

________. 2022. The Cost of Conducting Elections. Cambridge, MA: MIT Election Data + Science Lab, Common Sense America, and Institute for Civil Discourse.

________. 2023. “2022 Survey of the Performance of American Elections.” https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/SPU2XP, Harvard Dataverse

Stiff, Paul 1996. “Instructing the Printer: What Specification Tells about Typographic Designing.” Typography Papers 1 : 27–74. University of Reading.

Stuart, Guy. 2004. “Databases, felons, and voting: Bias and partisanship of the Florida Felons List in the 2000 elections.” Political Science Quarterly 119, 453–475.

Talbert, B. Allen, Barry Croom, Sarah E. LaRose, Rosco Vaughn, and Jasper S. Lee. 2022. Foundations of Agricultural Education, 4th ed. Purdue University Press.

Taylor, Maurice C., David L. Trumpower, and Edward R. Purse. 2015. “The Role of Work- Related Learning in the Identity Transformation of Canadian Workers with Low Literacy Skills.” International Review of Education 61 (6): 815-833.

Terry, Jim, Katie Dunlap, Steve Flickinger, and Dan Woosley. 2019a. “Common Physical Barriers that Limit Access for Voters with Disabilities and Options to Solve Them.” In The Future of Election Administration: Cases and Conversations, edited by Mitchell Brown,

Kathleen Hale, and Bridgett King. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp 221-226.

———. 2019b. “Communications and Etiquette Considerations When Working with Voters Who Have Disabilities.” In The Future of Election Administration: Cases and Conversations, edited by Mitchell Brown, Kathleen Hale, and Bridgett King. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp 227-232.

Tschirhart, Mary, Mesch, Debra J., Perry, James L., Miller, Theodore K., & Lee, Geunjoo. 2001. Stipended Volunteers: Their Goals, Experiences, Satisfaction, and Likelihood of Future Service. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 30(3), 422–443. doi.org/10.1177/0899764001303002

Ultanir, Emel. 2012. “An Epistemological Glance at the Constructivist Approach: Constructivist Learning in Dewey, Piaget, and Montessori.” International Journal of Instruction 5 (2): 1694-1722.

U. S. Election Assistance Commission. 2007. “Compendium of State Poll Worker Requirements.” https://www.eac.gov/sites/default/files/eac_assets/1/1/Compendium%20of%20State%20Poll%20Worker%20Requirements.pdf 

———. 2020. “State-by-State Compendium Election Worker Laws and Statutes.” Retrieved from https://dev.eac.gov/sites/default/files/electionofficials/pollworkers/Compendium_2020.pdf 

———. 2022. Disability, the Voting Process, and the Digital Divide. Washington, D.C. United States