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Bibliography: Usability and Accessibility

Agran, Martin, and Carolyn Hughes. 2013. “‘You Can’t Vote-- You’re Mentally Incompetent’: Denying Democracy to People with Severe Disabilities.” Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities 38 (1): 58–62.

Aldrich, John H. 1993. “Rational Choice and Turnout.” American Journal of Political Science, 246–78.

Amos, Brian, Daniel A. Smith, and Case Ste. Claire. 2017. “Reprecincting and Voting Behavior.” Political Behavior 39 (1): 133–56.

Arceneaux, Kevin, and David W. Nickerson. 2009. “Who Is Mobilized to Vote? A Re-Analysis of 11 Field Experiments.” American Journal of Political Science 53: 1–16.

Baringer, Anna, Michael C Herron, and Daniel A Smith. 2020. “Voting by Mail and Ballot Rejection: Lessons from Florida for Elections in the Age of the Coronavirus.” Election Law Journal: Rules, Politics, and Policy 19 (3): 289–320.

Baumeister, Lynn, and Whitney Quesenbery. 2021. “Legibility of Paper Ballots: What Makes a Printed Summary-Style Ballot Easy to Verify?” NIST white paper. Center for Civic Design.

Baumeister, Lynn, Whitney Quesenbery, and Sharon J. Lakowski. 2023. “Administering Accessible Vote by Mail Systems: Challenges and Innovations in Elections Offices.” Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology.

———. forthcoming. “Voting by Mail: The Impact of Signature Identity Verification for Voters with Disabilities.” National Institute of Standards and Technology.

Benzow, August, Kenan Fikri, Joanne Kim, and Daniel Newman. 2023. “Advancing Economic Development in Persistent Poverty Communities.” Economic Innovation Group.

Berinsky, Adam J. 2005. “The Perverse Consequences of Electoral Reform in the United States.” American Politics Research 33 (4): 471–91. https://doi.org/10.1177/1532673X04269419.

Biggers, Daniel R. 2021. “Can the Backlash against Voter ID Laws Activate Minority Voters? Experimental Evidence Examining Voter Mobilization through Psychological Reactance.” Political Behavior 43 (3): 1161–79.

Blahovec, S., Whitney Quesenbery, and Sharon Lakowski. forthcoming. “Training Poll Workers for Accessible Voting: Supporting Voters with Disabilities at the Polling Place.” National Institute for Standards and Technology.

Brady, Henry E., and John E. McNulty. 2011. “Turning out to Vote: The Costs of Finding and Getting to the Polling Place.” American Political Science Review 105 (1): 1125–34.

Brady, Henry E., Sidney Verba, and Kay Lehman Schlozman. 1995. “Beyond SES: A Resource Model of Political Participation.” American Political Science Review 89 (2): 271–94. https://doi.org/10.2307/2082425 

Brumbaugh, Stephen. 2018. “Travel Patterns of American Adults with Disabilities.” Bureau Of Transportation Statistics, Washington DC, WA, USA, US Department of Transportation.

Bruyneel, Kevin. 2004. “Challenging American Boundaries: Indigenous People and the ‘Gift’ of U.S. Citizenship.” Studies in American Political Development 18 (1): 30–43. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0898588X04000021 

Buchanan, Kerrianne E, Kevin C Mangold, Sharon J Laskowski, and Karen K Reczek. 2022. “Promoting Access to Voting :: Recommendations for Addressing Barriers to Private and Independent Voting for People with Disabilities.” NIST SP 1273. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.). https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1273.

Burden, Barry C, David T Canon, Kenneth R Mayer, and Donald P Moynihan. 2014. “Election Laws, Mobilization, and Turnout: The Unanticipated Consequences of Election Reform.” American Journal of Political Science 58 (1): 95–109.

Cantoni, Enrico. 2020. “A Precinct Too Far: Turnout and Voting Costs.” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 12 (1): 61–85. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20180306.

Clarke, Philippa J., Jennifer A. Ailshire, Els R. Nieuwenhuijsen, and Marijke W de Kleijn–de Vrankrijker. 2011. “Participation among Adults with Disability: The Role of the Urban Environment.” Social Science & Medicine 72 (10): 1674–84.

Cottrell, David, Michael C. Herron, and Daniel A. Smith. 2021. “Vote-by-Mail Ballot Rejection and Experience with Mail-in Voting.” American Politics Research 49 (6): 577–90. https://doi.org/10.1177/1532673X211022626 

Creek, H. M., and K. A. Karnes. 2010. “Federalism and Election Law: Implementation Issues in Rural America.” Publius: The Journal of Federalism 40 (2): 275–95. https://doi.org/10.1093/publius/pjp035.

Dyck, Joshua J., and James G. Gimpel. 2005. “Distance, Turnout, and the Convenience of Voting*.” Social Science Quarterly 86 (3): 531–48. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0038-4941.2005.00316.x.

Fagan, Shemia. 2023. “Testimony by Oregon Secretary of State.” https://olis.oregonlegislature.gov/liz/2023R1/Downloads/PublicTestimonyDocument/47680.

Ferguson-Bohnee, Patty, and James T. Tucker. 2020. “Voting During a Pandemic: Vote-By-Mail Challenges for Native Voters.” Arizona Attorney, 24–36.

Fraga, Bernard L. 2018. The Turnout Gap: Race, Ethnicity, and Political Inequality in a Diversifying America. Cambridge University Press.

Grimmer, Justin, and Eitan Hersh. 2023. “How Election Rules Affect Who Wins.”

Grumbach, Jacob M, and Charlotte Hill. 2022. “Rock the Registration: Same Day Registration Increases Turnout of Young Voters.” The Journal of Politics 84 (1): 405–17.

Hanmer, Michael J. 2009. Discount Voting: Voter Registration Reforms and Their Effects. Cambridge University Press.

Hanmer, Michael J., and Michael W. Traugott. 2004. “The Impact of Voting by Mail on Voter Behavior.” American Politics Research 32 (4): 375–405. https://doi.org/10.1177/1532673X04263412 

Hartley, David. 2004. “Rural Health Disparities, Population Health, and Rural Culture.” American Journal of Public Health 94 (10): 1675–78. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.94.10.1675.

Herrick, Rebekah, and Jeanette Morehouse Mendez. 2019. “One Model Does Not Fit All: Group Consciousness and the Political Participation and Attitudes of American Indians *.” Social Science Quarterly, May, ssqu.12657. https://doi.org/10.1111/ssqu.12657.

Herron, Michael C., and Daniel A. Smith. 2014. “Race, Party, and the Consequences of Restricting Early Voting in Florida in the 2012 General Election.” Political Research Quarterly 67 (3): 646–65. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912914524831 

Hess, Douglas R. 2023. “Using Medicaid Automatic Voter Registration to Address Persistent Voter Registration Problems: Helping the National Voter Registration Act Achieve Its Potential.” Institute for Responsive Government. 2023. https://responsivegoverning.org/research/using-medicaid-automatic-voter-registration-to-address-persistent-voter-registration-problems-helping-the-national-voter-registration-act-achieve-its-potential/ 

Holbein, John B, and D Sunshine Hillygus. 2016. “Making Young Voters: The Impact of Preregistration on Youth Turnout.” American Journal of Political Science 60 (2): 364–82.

Huyser, Kimberly R., Gabriel R. Sanchez, and Edward D. Vargas. 2017. “Civic Engagement and Political Participation among American Indians and Alaska Natives in the US.” Politics, Groups, and Identities 5 (4): 642–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2016.1148058 

Irwin, Elena G., Andrew M. Isserman, Maureen Kilkenny, and Mark D. Partridge. 2010. “A Century of Research on Rural Development and Regional Issues.” American Journal of Agricultural Economics 92 (2): 522–53.

Juelich, Courtney L., and Joseph A. Coll. 2020. “Rock the Vote or Block the Vote? How the Cost of Voting Affects the Voting Behavior of American Youth: Part of Special Symposium on Election Sciences.” American Politics Research 48 (6): 719–24. https://doi.org/10.1177/1532673X20920265 

Karlawish, Jason H., Richard J. Bonnie, Paul S. Appelbaum, Constantine Lyketsos, Bryan James, David Knopman, Christopher Patusky, Rosalie A. Kane, and Pamela S. Karlan. 2004. “Addressing the Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues Raised by Voting by Persons With Dementia.” JAMA 292 (11): 1345. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.292.11.1345 

Kimball, David C., and Brady Baybeck. 2013. “Are All Jurisdictions Equal? Size Disparity in Election Administration.” Election Law Journal: Rules, Politics, and Policy 12 (2): 130–45. https://doi.org/10.1089/elj.2012.0174 

Kuhlmann, R., and D. C. Lewis. 2022. “Making the Vote (In) Accessible: Election Administration Laws and Turnout Among People with Disabilities.” Politics, Groups, and Identities, 1–17.

Laskowski, Sharon, Shaneé Dawkins, Whitney Quesenbery, Nancy Frishberg, Pam Smith, and Keith Instone. 2017. “Remote Ballot Marking Systems: Designing for Usability, Accessibility, And Security. Principles and Guidelines for Remote Ballot Marking Systems.” National Institute of Standards and Technology / Center for Civic Design. https://civicdesign.org/wpcontent/uploads/2015/09/Principles-for-remote-ballot-marking-systems-17-0331.pdf 

Leighley, Jan E., and Jonathan Nagler. 2014. Who Votes Now? Demographics, Issues, Inequality and Turnout in the United States. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Li, Quan, Michael J Pomante, and Scot Schraufnagel. 2018. “Cost of Voting in the American States.” Election Law Journal: Rules, Politics, and Policy 17 (3): 234–47.

Lijphart, A. 1997. “Unequal Participation: Democracy’s Unresolved Dilemma.” American Political Science Review, 1–14.

McDonald, Michael P. 2008. “Portable Voter Registration.” Political Behavior 30 (4): 491–501.

McDonald, Michael P. 2022. From Pandemic to Insurrection: Voting in the 2020 US Presidential Election. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG.

McDonald, Michael P., and Matthew Thornburg. 2012. “Registering the Youth through Voter Preregistration.” New York University Journal of Legislation and Public Policy 13: 551–72.

McGhee, Eric, and Mindy Romero. 2021. “Effects of Automatic Voter Registration in the United States.” Los Angeles, CA: University of Southern California, Sol Price School of Public Policy. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/57b8c7ce15d5dbf599fb46ab/t/5eb9847fb7a1f3362ced2d99/1589216438166/USC+CCEP+Effects+of+AVR+in+the+U.S.+Final.pdf 

Merivaki, Thessalia, and Daniel A. Smith. 2020. “A Failsafe for Voters? Cast and Rejected Provisional Ballots in North Carolina.” Political Research Quarterly 73 (1): 65–78. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912919875816.

Miller, Peter, and Sierra Powell. 2016. “Overcoming Voting Obstacles: The Use of Convenience Voting by Voters with Disabilities.” American Politics Research 44 (1): 28–55.

National Center for Education Statistics. 2003. “National Assessment of Adult Literacy (NAAL): Demographics.” National Center for Education Statistics: U.S. Department of Education. 2003. https://nces.ed.gov/naal/kf_demographics.asp 

Neeley, Grant W., and Lilliard E. Jr Richardson. 2001. “Who Is Early Voting? An Individual Level Examination.” The Social Science Journal 38 (3): 381–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0362-3319(01)00135-5.

Norden, Lawrence, David Kimball, Whitney Quesenbery, and Margaret Chen. 2008. “Better Ballots.” Brennan Center for Justice. July 21, 2008. https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/research-reports/better-ballots 

Peterson, Andrew, Jason Karlawish, and Emily Largent. 2021. “Supported Decision Making With People at the Margins of Autonomy.” The American Journal of Bioethics 21 (11): 4–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2020.1863507 

Peterson, Geoff. 1997. “Native American Turnout in the 1990 and 1992 Elections.” American Indian Quarterly 21 (2): 321. https://doi.org/10.2307/1185650 

Pew Research Center. 2021a. “Internet/Broadband Fact Sheet.” Pew Research Center: Internet, Science & Tech (blog). April 7, 2021. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/fact-sheet/internet-broadband/ 

———. 2021b. “Mobile Fact Sheet.” Pew Research Center: Internet, Science & Tech (blog). April 7, 2021. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/fact-sheet/mobile/.

Plutzer, Eric. 2002. “Becoming a Habitual Voter: Inertia, Resources, and Growth in Young Adulthood.” American Political Science Review 96 (1): 41–56. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055402004227 

Quesenbery, Whitney, and Sharon J Laskowski. 2023. “Handbook for VVSG 2.0 Usability and Accessibility Test Strategies:: A Report on Guidance and Resources for How to Test Voting Systems.” Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.VTS.400-5 

Quesenbery, Whitney, and J Sutton. 2016. “Assistive Technology in the Polling Place: Current and Emerging Technology.” White paper. Center for Civic Design/NIST.

Raad, Raymond, Jason Karlawish, and Paul S. Appelbaum. 2009. “The Capacity to Vote of Persons With Serious Mental Illness.” Psychiatric Services 60 (5): 624–28. https://doi.org/10.1176/ps.2009.60.5.624 

Rogers, Melissa, Jean Schroedel, and Joseph Dietrich. 2023. “Inequalities in Vote by Mail for Native Americans in the US West: The Historical Political Economy of Postal Service in Northeastern Arizona.” Journal of Historical Political Economy 2 (4): 553–81.

Rosenstone, Steven J., and John Mark Hansen. 1993. Mobilization, Participation, and Democracy in America. New York: MacMillan Publishing Company.

Schroedel, Jean, Aaron Berg, Joseph Dietrich, and Javier M. Rodriguez. 2020. “Political Trust and Native American Electoral Participation: An Analysis of Survey Data from Nevada and South Dakota.” Social Science Quarterly 101 (5): 1885–1904. https://doi.org/10.1111/ssqu.12840 

Schroedel, Jean, and Ryan Hart. 2015. “Vote Dilution and Suppression in Indian Country.” Studies in American Political Development 29 (1): 40–67. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0898588X1400011X 

Schroedel, Jean Reith. 2020. Voting in Indian Country: The View from the Trenches. Haney Foundation Series. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

Schroedel, Jean, Melissa Rogers, Joseph Dietrich, Savannah Johnston, and Aaron Berg. 2022. “Assessing the Efficacy of Early Voting Access on Indian Reservations: Evidence from a Natural Experiment in Nevada.” Politics, Groups, and Identities 10 (1): 81–99. https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2020.1756359 

Schur, Lisa, and Meera Adya. 2013. “Sidelined or Mainstreamed? Political Participation and Attitudes of People with Disabilities in the U Nited S Tates.” Social Science Quarterly 94 (3): 811–39.

Schur, Lisa, Mason Ameri, and Meera Adya. 2017. “Disability, Voter Turnout, and Polling Place Accessibility.” Social Science Quarterly 98 (5): 1374–90.

Schur, Lisa, and Douglas Kruse. 2014. “Disability and Election Policies and Practices.” In The Measure of American Elections, 188–222. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107589117.008 

———. 2020. “Projecting the Number of Eligible Voters with Disabilities in the November 2020 Elections.” Program for Disability Research: Rutgers University. https://smlr.rutgers.edu/sites/default/files/Documents/Centers/Program_Disability_Research/Disability_electorate_projections_2020.pdf 

Schur, Lisa, Todd Shields, Douglas Kruse, and Kay Schriner. 2002. “Enabling Democracy: Disability and Voter Turnout.” Political Research Quarterly 55 (1): 167–90. https://doi.org/10.2307/3088070 

Shino, Enrijeta, and Daniel A. Smith. 2020. “Mobilizing the Youth Vote? Early Voting on College Campuses.” Election Law Journal: Rules, Politics, and Policy 19 (4): 524–41. https://doi.org/10.1089/elj.2019.0596 

Shino, Enrijeta, Mara Suttmann-Lea, and Daniel A. Smith. 2022. “Determinants of Rejected Mail Ballots in Georgia’s 2018 General Election.” Political Research Quarterly 75 (1): 231–43. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912921993537 

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Stein, Robert M., and Greg Vonnahme. 2008. “Engaging the Unengaged Voter: Vote Centers and Voter Turnout.” The Journal of Politics 70 (2): 487–97. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022381608080456 

Stewart, Charles. 2013. “Waiting to Vote in 2012.” The Journal of Law and Politics 28 (4): 439–63.

Summers, Kathryn, Dana Chisnell, Drew Davies, Noel Alton, and Megan McKneever. 2014. “Making Voting Accessible: Designing Digital Ballot Marking for People with Low Literacy and Mild Cognitive Disabilities.” USENIX Journal of Election Technology and Systems (JETS) 2 (2): 11–33.

Summers, Kathryn, Whitney Quesenbery, and Amy Pointer. 2016. “Making Voting by Mail Usable, Accessible and Inclusive.” In Advances in Design for Inclusion, edited by Giuseppe Di Bucchianico and Pete Kercher, 53–64. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41962-6_5 

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Tucker, James T., Jacqueline De León, and Dan McCool. 2020. “Obstacles at Every Turn: Barriers to Political Participation Faced by Native American Voters.” NARF Comprehensive Field Hearing Report 2020. Boulder, CO: Native American Rights Fund. https://vote.narf.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/obstacles_at_every_turn.pdf 

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U.S. Election Assistance Commission. 2005. “Voluntary Voting System Guidelines Version 1.0.” https://www.eac.gov/sites/default/files/eac_assets/1/28/VVSG.1.0_Volume_1.PDF 

———. 2013. “U.S. Election Assistance Commission Urban-Rural Study.” https://www.eac.gov/sites/default/files/eac_assets/1/28/EAC%20Urban_Rural%20Study%20Final%20Report%205_17_13.pdf 

———. 2022. “Disability, the Voting Process, and the Digital Divide.” 2022. https://www.eac.gov/election-officials/disability-voting-process-and-digital-divide 

———. 2021a. “Disability and Voting Accessibility in the 2020 Elections: Final Report on Survey Results.” U.S. Election Assistance Commission. https://www.eac.gov/sites/default/files/voters/Disability_and_voting_accessibility_in_the_2020_elections_final_report_on_survey_results.pdf 

———. 2023a. “Disability and Voting Accessibility in the 2022 Elections.” U.S. Election Assistance Commission. https://www.eac.gov/sites/default/files/2023-07/EAC_2023_Rutgers_Report_FINAL.pdf 

———. 2023b. “Disability and Voting Accessibility in the 2022 Elections: Supplemental Analysis of Census Voter Turnout Data.” U.S. Election Assistance Commission. https://www.eac.gov/sites/default/files/2023-07/EAC_2023_Rutgers_Report_Supplement_FINAL.pdf 

———. 2021b. “Fact Sheet on Disability and Voter Turnout in the 2020 Elections.” U.S. Election Assistance Commission. https://www.eac.gov/sites/default/files/document_library/files/Fact_sheet_on_disability_and_voter_turnout_in_2020_0.pdf 

———. 2021c. “Voluntary Voting System Guidelines VVSG 2.0.” https://www.eac.gov/sites/default/files/TestingCertification/Voluntary_Voting_System_Guidelines_Version_2_0.pdf 

———. forthcoming. “Voting Experiences Since HAVA: Perspectives of People with Disabilities.”

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