Bibliography: Voting by Mail

Absher, Samuel, and Jennifer Kavanagh. 2023. The Impact of State Voting Processes in the 2020 Election: Estimating the Effects on Voter Turnout, Voting Method, and the Spread of COVID-19. RAND Corporation. https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA112-25.html (August 1, 2023).

Ahlquist, John S., Kenneth R. Mayer, and Simon Jackman. 2014. “Alien Abduction and Voter Impersonation in the 2012 U.S. General Election: Evidence from a Survey List Experiment.” Election Law Journal: Rules, Politics, and Policy 13(4): 460–75.

Altamirano, Jose, and Tova Wang. 2022. Ensuring All Votes Count: Reducing Rejected Ballots. Harvard University: Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation.

Alvarez, R. Michael, Nicholas Adams-Cohen, Seo-young Silvia Kim, and Yimeng Li. 2020. “Securing American Elections: How Data-Driven Election Monitoring Can Improve Our Democracy.” Elements in Campaigns and Elections. https://www.cambridge.org/core/elements/securing-american-elections/44DB59AB97CD8538ABCC6AD0AD00CCF4  July 5, 2022).

Alvarez, R. Michael, Thad E. Hall, Ines Levin, and Charles Stewart. 2011. “Voter Opinions about Election Reform: Do They Support Making Voting More Convenient?” Election Law Journal: Rules, Politics, and Policy 10(2): 73–87.

Alvarez, R Michael, Thad E Hall, and Betsy Sinclair. 2008. “Whose Absentee Votes Are Returned and Counted: The Variety and Use of Absentee Ballots in California.” Electoral Studies 27(4): 673–83.

Alvarez, R. Michael, and Yimeng Li. 2021. “Universal Mail Ballot Delivery Boosts Turnout: The Causal Effects of Sending Mail Ballots to All Registered Voters.” https://preprints.apsanet.org/engage/apsa/article-details/61bbbaf15b23d4ee85001793 (July 31, 2023).

Atkeson, Lonna Rae et al. 2022. “Should I Vote-by-Mail or in Person? The Impact of COVID-19 Risk Factors and Partisanship on Vote Mode Decisions in the 2020 Presidential Election” ed. Noam Lupu. PLOS ONE 17(9): e0274357.

Atkeson, Lonna Rae, R. Michael Alvarez, and Thad E. Hall. 2015. “Voter Confidence: How to Measure It and How It Differs from Government Support.” Election Law Journal: Rules, Politics, and Policy 14(3): 207–19.

Atkeson, Lonna Rae, and Kyle L. Saunders. 2007. “The Effect of Election Administration on Voter Confidence: A Local Matter?” PS: Political Science and Politics 40(4): 655–60.

Atsusaka, Yuki, and Robert M. Stein. 2021. “A Unified Theory of the Effect of Vote-by-Mail on Turnout.” https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3722705 (July 31, 2023).

Ballotpedia. “Absentee/Mail-in Voting.” Ballotpedia. https://ballotpedia.org/Absentee/mail-in_voting (May 16, 2023).

Barber, Michael, and John B. Holbein. 2020a. “The Participatory and Partisan Impacts of Mandatory Vote-by-Mail.” Science Advances 6(35): eabc7685.

———. 2020b. “The Participatory and Partisan Impacts of Mandatory Vote-by-Mail.” Science Advances 6(35): eabc7685.

Baringer, Anna, Michael C. Herron, and Daniel A. Smith. 2020. “Voting by Mail and Ballot Rejection: Lessons from Florida for Elections in the Age of the Coronavirus.” Election Law Journal: Rules, Politics, and Policy 19(3): 289–320.

Barretto, Matt et al. 2020. “Debunking the Myth of Voter Fraud in Mail Ballots.” Latino Policy & Politics Institute. https://latino.ucla.edu/research/ucla-voting-rights-project-debunking-the-myth-of-voter-fraud-in-mail-ballots/  (August 3, 2023).

Bergman, Elizabeth, and Philip A. Yates. 2011. “Changing Election Methods: How Does Mandated Vote-By-Mail Affect Individual Registrants?” Election Law Journal: Rules, Politics, and Policy 10(2): 115–27.

Berinsky, Adam J. 2005. “The Perverse Consequences of Electoral Reform in the United States.” American Politics Research 33(4): 471–91.

Berinsky, Adam J, Nancy Burns, and Michael W Traugott. 2001. “Who Votes By Mail? A Dynamic Model of the Individual-Level Consequences of Voting-By-Mail Systems.” Public Opinion Quarterly 65(1): 178–97.

Biggers, Daniel R., and Michael J. Hanmer. 2015. “Who Makes Voting Convenient? Explaining the Adoption of Early and No-Excuse Absentee Voting in the American States.” State Politics & Policy Quarterly 15(2): 192–210.

Bonica, Adam, Jacob M. Grumbach, Charlotte Hill, and Hakeem Jefferson. 2021. “All-Mail Voting in Colorado Increases Turnout and Reduces Turnout Inequality.” Electoral Studies 72: 102363.

Bryant, Lisa A. 2020. “Seeing Is Believing: An Experiment on Absentee Ballots and Voter Confidence: Part of Special Symposium on Election Sciences.” American Politics Research 48(6): 700–704.

Burden, Barry C., and Brian J. Gaines. 2015. “Presidential Commission on Election Administration: Absentee and Early Voting: Weighing the Costs of Convenience.” Election Law Journal: Rules, Politics, and Policy 14(1): 32–37.

Cain, Bruce E., Karin Mac Donald, and Michael H. Murakami. 2008. “Administering the Overseas Vote.” Public Administration Review 68(5): 802–13.

Clinton, Joshua D., John Lapinski, Sarah Lentz, and Stephen Pettigrew. 2022. “Trumped by Trump? Public Support for Mail Voting in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic.” Election Law Journal: Rules, Politics, and Policy 21(1): 19–33.

Collingwood, Loren et al. 2018. “Do Drop Boxes Improve Voter Turnout? Evidence from King County, Washington.” Election Law Journal: Rules, Politics, and Policy 17(1): 58–72.

Collingwood, Loren, and Benjamin Gonzalez O’Brien. 2021. “Is Distance to Drop Box an Appropriate Proxy for Drop Box Treatment? A Case Study of Washington State.” American Politics Research 49(6): 604–17.

Cottrell, David, Michael C. Herron, and Daniel A. Smith. 2021. “Vote-by-Mail Ballot Rejection and Experience with Mail-in Voting.” American Politics Research: 1532673X211022626.

Downs, A. 1957. An Economic Theory of Democracy. Harper and Row.

Election Assistance Commission. 2021. Election Administration and Voting Survey 2020 Comprehensive Report. https://www.eac.gov/sites/default/files/document_library/files/2020_EAVS_Report_Final_508c.pdf 

———. 2023. Election Administration and Voting Survey 2022 Comprehensive Report. https://www.eac.gov/sites/default/files/2023-06/2022_EAVS_Report_508c.pdf (July 6, 2023).

Elul, Gabrielle, Sean Freeder, and Jacob M. Grumbach. 2017. “The Effect of Mandatory Mail Ballot Elections in California.” Election Law Journal: Rules, Politics, and Policy 16(3): 397–415.

Federal Voting Assistance Program. 2021a. 2020 Overseas Citizen Population Analysis Report. https://www.fvap.gov/uploads/FVAP/Reports/OCPA-2020-Final-Report_20220805.pdf (August 3, 2023).

———. 2021b. FVAP 2020 Report-to-Congress. https://www.fvap.gov/uploads/FVAP/Reports/FVAP-2020-Report-to-Congress_20210916_FINAL.pdf (April 14, 2023).

Fortier, John C. 2006. Absentee and Early Voting: Trends, Promises, and Perils. Washington, D.C.: AEI Press.

Gerber, Alan S., Gregory A. Huber, and Seth J. Hill. 2013. “Identifying the Effect of All-Mail Elections on Turnout: Staggered Reform in the Evergreen State.” Political Science Research and Methods 1(1): 91–116.

Gronke, Paul. 2008. “Early Voting Reforms and American Elections.” William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal 17(2): 423–51.

———. 2015. “Voter Confidence as a Metric of Election Performance.” In The Measure of American Elections, New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

Gronke, Paul, R Michael Alvarez, Paul Manson, and Silvia Kim. “Oregon Election Performance Auditing.”

Gronke, Paul and Eva Galanes-Rosenbaum. 2008. “The Growth of Early and Non-Precinct Place Balloting: When, Why, and Prospects for the Future.” In The Election Law Handbook, Chicago, IL: American Bar Association.

Gronke, Paul, Eva Galanes-Rosenbaum, and Peter Miller. 2008. “Early Voting and Voter Turnout.” In Democracy in the States: Experiments in Election Reform, eds. Caroline J Tolbert, Todd Donovan, and Bruce E. Cain. Washington DC: Brookings Institution Press, 68–83.

Gronke, Paul, Eva Galanes-Rosenbaum, and Peter A. Miller. 2007. “Early Voting and Turnout.” PS: Political Science and Politics 40(4): 639–45.

Gronke, Paul, Eva Galanes-Rosenbaum, Peter A. Miller, and Daniel Toffey. 2008. “Convenience Voting.” Annual Review of Political Science 11(1): 437–55.

Gronke, Paul, and Peter Miller. 2012. “Voting by Mail and Turnout in Oregon Revisiting Southwell and Burchett.” American Politics Research 40(6): 976–97.

Hassell, Hans J.G. 2017. “Teaching Voters New Tricks: The Effect of Partisan Absentee Vote-by-Mail Get-out-the-Vote Efforts.” Research & Politics 4(1): 205316801769480.

Herron, Michael C., and Daniel A. Smith. 2021. “Postal Delivery Disruptions and the Fragility of Voting by Mail: Lessons from Maine.” Research & Politics 8(1): 205316802098143.

Hopkins, Daniel J. et al. 2021. “Results from a 2020 Field Experiment Encouraging Voting by Mail.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118(4): e2021022118.

Huefner, Steven F et al. 2007. From Registration to Recounts: The Election Ecosystems of Five Midwestern States. Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State University Michael E. Moritz College of Law.

Janover, William, and Tom Westphal. 2020. Signature Verification and Mail Ballots: Guaranteeing Access While Preserving Integrity—A Case Study of California’s Every Vote Counts Act. Stanford Law School, Law and Policy Lab.

John Curiel, Charles Stewart III, and Jack Williams. 2021. One Shift, Two Shifts, Red Shift, Blue Shift: Reported Election Returns in the 2020 Election. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. https://electionlab.mit.edu/sites/default/files/2021-07/curiel_stewart_williams_blue_shift_esra_final.pdf (September 6, 2023).

Karp, Jeffrey A, and Susan A Banducci. 2000a. “Going Postal: How All-Mail Elections Influence Turnout.” Political Behavior 22(3): 223–39.

———. 2000b. “Going Postal: How All-Mail Elections Influence Turnout.” Political Behavior 22(3): 223–39.

Keyssar, Alexander. 2000. The Right to Vote: The Contested History of Democracy in the United States. New York: Basic Books.

Kim, Seo-Young Silvia, Spencer Schneider, and R. Michael Alvarez. 2019. Evaluating the Quality of Changes in Voter Registration Databases. Caltech/MIT Voting Technology Project.

Kousser, Thad, and Megan Mullin. 2007. “Does Voting by Mail Increase Participation? Using Matching to Analyze a Natural Experiment.” Political Analysis 15(4): 428–45.

Landquist, Eric, Philip Andreae, and Linda Hutchinson. 2021. Ensuring Trustworthy Voting for Military and Overseas Voters. National Association of Secretaries of State. https://www.nass.org/sites/default/files/2021-08/white-paper-voatz-nass-summer21.pdf (September 6, 2023).

Larocca, Roger, and John S. Klemanski. 2011. “U.S. State Election Reform and Turnout in Presidential Elections.” State Politics & Policy Quarterly 11(1): 76–101.

Leighley, Jan E, and Jonathan Nagler. 2009. “The Effects of Non-Precinct Voting Reforms on Turnout, 1972-2008.”

Levitt, Justin. 2012. “Election Deform: The Pursuit of Unwarranted Electoral Regulation.” Election Law Journal: Rules, Politics, and Policy 11(1): 97–117.

Lockhart, Mackenzie et al. 2020. “America’s Electorate Is Increasingly Polarized along Partisan Lines about Voting by Mail during the COVID-19 Crisis.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117(40): 24640–42.

Magleby, David B. 1987. “Participation in Mail Ballot Elections.” Western Political Quarterly 40(1): 79–91.

Marble, William. “Mail Voting Reduces Ballot Roll-Off: Evidence from Washington State.”

McDonald, Michael P, Juliana K Mucci, Enrijeta Shino, and Daniel A Smith. 2022. “Mail Voting and Voter Turnout.”

McGhee, Eric, Jennifer Paluch, and Mindy Romero. 2021. “Vote-by-Mail and Voter Turnout in the Pandemic Election.”

McGuire, William et al. 2020. “Does Distance Matter? Evaluating the Impact of Drop Boxes on Voter Turnout.” Social Science Quarterly 101(5): 1789–1809.

Menger, Andrew, and Robert M. Stein. 2019. “Choosing the Less Convenient Way to Vote: An Anomaly in Vote by Mail Elections:” Political Research Quarterly. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1065912919890009 (August 17, 2020).

Meredith, Marc, and Zac Endter. 2016. “Aging into Absentee Voting: Evidence from Texas.”

Meredith, Marc, and Lucy Kronenberg. 2022. “Who Cures Ballots: Evidence from North Carolina’s 2020 General Election.”

Meredith, Marc, and Neil Malhotra. 2011. “Convenience Voting Can Affect Election Outcomes.” Election Law Journal: Rules, Politics, and Policy 10(3): 227–53.

Minnite, Lorraine C, and David Callahan. 2003. “Securing the Vote: An Analysis of Election Fraud.” Demos. https://www.demos.org/research/securing-vote-analysis-election-fraud (August 3, 2023).

National Conference of State Legislatures. 2022. “Voting Outside the Polling Place: Absentee, All-Mail and Other Voting at Home Options.”

Persily, Nathaniel, and Charles Stewart. 2021. “The Miracle and Tragedy of the 2020 U.S. Election.” Journal of democracy 32(2): 159–78.

Richey, Sean. 2008. “Voting By Mail: Turnout and Institutional Reform in Oregon.” Social Science Quarterly 89(4): 902–15.

Riker, William H., and Peter C. Ordeshook. 1968. “A Theory of the Calculus of Voting.” The American Political Science Review 62(1): 25–42.

Ritter, Michael. 2023. “Assessing the Impact of the United States Postal System and Election Administration on Absentee and Mail Voting in the 2012 to 2020 U.S. Midterm and Presidential Elections.” Election Law Journal: Rules, Politics, and Policy 22(2): 166–84.

Romero, Mindy. 2014. “California’s Uncounted Vote-By-Mail Ballots: Identifying Variation in County Processing.”

Romero, Mindy, Anna Meier, Barbra Chami, and Emily Pavia. 2021. “California’s Changing Electorate: A 2020 Post-Election Analysis of Voting Behavior.”

Safarpour, Alauna C., and Michael J. Hanmer. 2022. “Information about Coronavirus Exposure Effects Attitudes Towards Voting Methods.” Journal of Experimental Political Science 9(1): 147–51.

Sances, Michael W., and Charles Stewart. 2015. “Partisanship and Confidence in the Vote Count: Evidence from U.S. National Elections since 2000.” Electoral Studies 40: 176–88.

Schelker, Mark, and Marco Schneiter. 2017. “The Elasticity of Voter Turnout: Investing 85 Cents per Voter to Increase Voter Turnout by 4 Percent.” Electoral Studies 49: 65–74.

Schraufnagel, Scot, Michael J. Pomante, and Quan Li. 2022. “Cost of Voting in the American States: 2022*.” Election Law Journal: Rules, Politics, and Policy 21(3): 220–28.

Shino, Enrijeta, and Daniel A. Smith. 2022. “Political Knowledge and Convenience Voting.” Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties 32(2): 408–28.

Shino, Enrijeta, Daniel A. Smith, and L. Temoney. 2023. “The Effects of Election Administration Changes on Voters of Color in Florida.” Journal of Election Administration, Research, and Practice 2(1).

Shino, Enrijeta, Daniel A. Smith, and Laura Uribe. 2022. “Lying for Trump? Elite Cue-Taking and Expressive Responding on Vote Method.” Public Opinion Quarterly 86(4): 837–61.

Shino, Enrijeta, Mara Suttmann-Lea, and Daniel A. Smith. 2022. “Determinants of Rejected Mail Ballots in Georgia’s 2018 General Election.” Political Research Quarterly 75(1): 231–43.

Smith, Claire M. 2014. “Defending Votes: The Unique Problems of Military Voters.” In Convenience Voting and Technology: The Case of Military and Overseas Voters, Elections, Voting, Technology, ed. Claire M. Smith. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 111–34.

Smith, Daniel A. 2022. “Expert Report Submitted on Behalf of Florida State Conference of NAACP v. Lee, 4:21-Cv-187-MW-MAF, and Florida Rising Together v. Lee, 4:21-Cv-201-MW-MJF.”

Smith, Daniel A., and Anna Baringer. 2018. “ACLU Florida: Report on Vote-by-Mail Ballots in the 2018 General Election.” : 21.

Southwell, Priscilla L. 2004. “Five Years Later: A Re-Assessment of Oregon’s Vote by Mail Electoral Process.” PS: Political Science & Politics 37(1): 89–93.

———. 2009. “Analysis of the Turnout Effects of Vote by Mail Elections, 1980–2007.” The Social Science Journal 46(1): 211–16.

Southwell, Priscilla L, and Justin Burchett. 2000. “The Effect of All Mail Elections on Voter Turnout.” American Politics Research 28(1): 72–79.

Stewart, Charles. 2011. “Adding Up the Costs and Benefits of Voting by Mail.” Election Law Journal: Rules, Politics, and Policy 10(3): 297–301.

———. 2020. “Some Demographics on Voting by Mail | Election Updates.”

Stewart III, Charles. 2010. “Losing Votes by Mail.” New York University Journal of Legislation and Public Policy 13(3): 573–601.

———. 2021. How We Voted in 2020: A Topical Look at the Survey of the Performance of American Elections. Cambridge, MA: MIT Election Data and Science Lab.

———. 2023. How We Voted in 2022: A Topical Look at the Survey of the Performance of American Elections. MIT Election Data and Science Lab.

Suttmann-Lea, Mara, and Thessalia Merivaki. 2023. “The Impact of Voter Education on Voter Confidence: Evidence from the 2020 U.S. Presidential Election.” Election Law Journal: Rules, Politics, and Policy 22(2): 145–65.

Thompson, Daniel M., Jennifer A. Wu, Jesse Yoder, and Andrew B. Hall. 2020. “Universal Vote-by-Mail Has No Impact on Partisan Turnout or Vote Share.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117(25): 14052–56.

Wang, Tova. 2007. Bringing Voting Rights to Overseas and Military Voters. The Century Foundation.

Yoder, Jesse et al. 2021. “How Did Absentee Voting Affect the 2020 U.S. Election?” Science Advances 7(52): eabk1755.